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ViewAttendees 16

P-IE

Student Competition 10-Minute Paper

Grad 10-min: P-IE, Conservation Ecology

Landscape- and local- level variables affect monarchs at patches in midwest grasslands

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Student Competition On-Demand
It is estimated that over one billion milkweed stems need to be restored to sustain the eastern North American migratory population of monarch butterflies. To ensure that habitat restoration efforts are targeted towards areas that maximize monarch population growth, it is important to understand the effects of landscape heterogeneity on monarch occurrence in habitat patches (i.e. grasslands with milkweeds) across the landscape. Over two summers (2018-2019), we surveyed monarch adults, larvae, and eggs at sixty grassland sites in Wisconsin that varied in patch size and landscape context (proportion grassland, forest edge density, and road density). We also estimated milkweed density and blooming plant species richness to characterize local patch quality. Adult monarch abundance was highest at patches with the lowest proportion of surrounding grassland and lowest road density, and was heavily influenced by patch quality variables. Egg and larva density in a patch increased with milkweed density and blooming plant species richness within a patch. Patch size was unrelated to monarch abundance. These results suggest that optimal sites for monarch habitat restoration are within landscapes with less surrounding habitat and that high milkweed density and blooming plant species richness should be conservation goals.